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L LINK.href (Property) LINK.href (Property) The URL of a document belonging to the linkobject (this is readonly in IE4 on the Macintosh). Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLINK.href See also: Anchor.href, Location.href, Url.href LINK.hreflang (Property) The language that the document at the other end of the URL is expected to conform to. Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLINK.hreflang This property should contain values that use the international language two-letter abbreviation codes. These are not the same as the country codes, which are also two letter values. Refer to the Language codes topic for a list of the available language codes. See also: Anchor.hreflang, Language codes, Url.hreflang 1341

JavaScript Programmer’s Reference LINK.charset (Property) The character set that the document at the other end of a link’s URL is expected to use. Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLINK.charset This would contain the character set being used by the target document at the other end of the link. For example the value “iso-8859-1″ is likely to be returned but the local variant of the browser and OS may affect the value you get. This property might contain a value such as: csISO5427Cyrillic Details of other aliases can be located at the IANA registry. See also: Anchor.charset, Url.charset Web-references: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets LINK.disabled (Property) A switch property to enable or disable a link. Availability: DOM level 2 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: Boolean primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLINK.disabled Setting this property to true will disable a link from performing any action when clicked on by the user. Setting this property false restores its normal operation. 1340

L LINK object (Object/HTML) Warnings: . This object is related to but not identical to a Link object. It does share some property names but adds others. . This a special MSIE object class, although Netscape would probably support something functionally similar internally. See also: Anchor object, Area object, Document.anchors[], Element object, Element.all[], LinkArray object, Location object, String.link(), URL, Url object Property JavaScript JScript N IE Opera DOM HTML Notes charset 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 1 + - disabled 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 2 + - href 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - hreflang 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 1 + - media 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + Warning readyState 3.0 + 4.0 + - ReadOnly rel 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - rev 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - title 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - type 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - Event name JavaScript JScript N IE Opera DOM HTML Notes onClick 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onDblClick 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onError 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + Warning onHelp 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyDown 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyPress 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyUp 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onLoad 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + Warning onMouseDown 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseMove 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseOut 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseOver 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseUp 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onReadyStateChange 3.0 + 4.0 + - Inheritance chain: Element object, Node object 1339

JavaScript Programmer’s Reference LINK object (Object/HTML) An object that represents HTML tags in documents. Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape 6.0 Inherits from: Element object IE myLINK = myDocument.all.anElementID IE myLINK = myDocument.all.tags(”LINK”)[anIndex] IE myLINK = myDocument.all[aName] -myLINK = myDocument.getElementById(anElementID) -myLINK = myDocument.getElementsByName(aName) [anIndex] -myLINK = myLinkArray[anIndex] JavaScript syntax: -myLINK = myDocument.getElementsByTagName (”LINK”)[anIndex] HTML syntax: anIndex A reference to an element in a collection aName An associative array reference Argument list: anElementID The ID value of an Element object Object properties: charset, disabled, href, hreflang, media, readyState, rel, rev, title, type Event handlers: onClick, onDblClick, onError, onHelp, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onLoad, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, onReadyStateChange The tag is used to link in external style sheet files. You can link in CSS or JSS style sheets with this technique. It allows the style sheets to be shared amongst many documents and for the site appearance to be changed globally simply by modifying a single file. When referring to style sheets, the REL attribute has the STYLESHEET value. The TYPE attribute indicates that the style sheet is formatted as text and contains JavaScript source text. The RELand TYPE attributes combined tell us it is a JSS file. The HREFattribute points at the document containing the style sheet definition to be loaded at the point in the calling document. This a LINK object because it refers to a document that is accessed via a URL. The tag conveys no apparent visible effect on the document. It is considered to be an invisible tag. MSIE supports a LINKobject as a property of its styleSheet object. 1338

L Line terminator (Definition) Line terminator (Definition) Line terminators separate individual lines of executable code. Availability: ECMAScript edition 2 Line terminators are used to improve the readability of the source text and to separate tokens. However, unlike whitespace, line terminators can affect the behavior of the script when placed in certain places. In general, a line terminator can occur between any two tokens but cannot appear in a token or inside a string literal. Line terminators in string literals must be escaped if they are required as part of the string. Line terminators also affect the automatic semicolon insertion process. Line terminators occurring during a single line comment delimited by a pair of slash characters (//) are considered to be the end of the comment, and any remaining comment text be interpreted as if it were executable code. Line terminators occurring during a multiple line comment block (/* … */) will be discarded and the entire comment block will be replaced with a single line terminator. The following characters are considered to be line terminators in ECMAScript conformant JavaScript interpreters: Escape Sequence Unicode Value Name Symbol n u000A Line Feed r u000D Carriage Return -2028 Line separator -2029 Paragraph separator The terms Line Terminator and Newline can for most purposes be used interchangeably. Newline is preferred when referring to a nescape sequence since it more clearly suggests the meaning of the escape. ECMA edition 3 adds the Unicode line separator and paragraph separator code points to the list of valid line terminators. See also: Automatic semicolon insertion, Comment (// and /* … */), Lexical convention, Lexical element, Line, Newline, Semicolon (;), String literal Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 2 section 7.2 ECMA 262 edition 2 section 7.8 ECMA 262 edition 3 section 7.3 1337

JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Limits (Definition) A set of constraints within which the script must operate. There are mainly two kinds of limits that an implementation imposes on a JavaScript script source text. There are those constraints required by the environment and there are numerical limits dictated by the internal data type representations. Environmental limits are, for example, the security mechanisms in a web browser. Other environmental limits may impose a maximum limit to the size of a JavaScript source text. It is unusual to encounter this limit, but in an embedded interpreter the storage available to buffer the script as it is interpreted may be limited to 32K or 64K in situations where the script interpreter is used in a home appliance. Numeric limits are those such as the size of the smallest and largest numeric value that can be represented or the maximum length of a string. In general, the limits are either self-evident from the context in which the script is being executed or can be deduced by using certain properties of the Global object or the Number class. See also: Compliance, Environment, Global object, Minima-maxima, Number object Line (Definition) A fragment of script source text. A line of script source text is that fragment of script that is placed between two consecutive line terminators. The placement of comment blocks can affect where the line terminator appears to be. Implementations may or may not strip off leading and trailing whitespace. Trailing whitespace that is inside a string literal should not span a line terminator. A line of script source is interpreted and executed as a whole. Some implementations may place limits on the maximum length of a line of script source text. These limitations are most likely to be a problem in embedded interpreters and are least likely to cause any problems in web browsers. See also: Comment, Comment (// and /* … */), Line terminator, Multi-line comment, Single line comment 1336

L Light() (Filter/visual) For example, you can request content from an ISP via a dial-up connection or from an always-on cable modem. This uses the normal HTTP request method. However, you can also request resources from the in-band broadcast video signal. These are done with additional request methods. These will allow you to request an item from a particular carousel. A carousel is a collection of assets that are transmitted in a cyclic manner and are embedded into the digital TV transport stream. Requesting an item from a carousel is no more complicated than requesting it from a web server. When the object is delivered on the next carousel cycle it is displayed by the browser in the normal way. Pages can be constructed with any mixture of in-band or online content. Carousels can be associated with a particular channel or can be shared by many channels being broadcast on a digital TV multiplex. This platform works very well in Digital Satellite (DSat), Digital Cable (DCable) and Digital Terrestrial (DTT) systems, although at this time it is becoming very popular on DCable. The present version of Liberate in wide circulation is 1.1 and it is in the process of being upgraded to 1.2. The upgrade process is accomplished by downloading a new browser core into the set-top box which then updates its persistent Flash ROM. Liberate 1.2 supports much enhanced carousel delivery, ATVEF triggers and also some basic Flash animation support. The JavaScript support is basically 1.2 and the HTML is based on version 3.2, which poses some difficulties in achieving the display effects people are used to deploying with HTML 4. These limitations are imposed because the set-top box hardware is based on a cost-limited CPU which has limited memory and performance. This is necessary to be able to deploy the boxes at a cost that is commercially viable. As the cost/performance ratio improves, boxes will become more capable and support higher level functionality. It is likely that the Flash support for example will receive some considerable attention, because it allows the designers of the program related material to achieve more advanced and animated effects. The JavaScript functionality has a few limiting factors when compared with the Netscape browser used in a PC. This extends to a few objects and methods being unavailable. However, there are additional TV-related objects and methods that provide the control of channel switching, volume control and TV overlays. You can for example use HTML to design a semi-transparent overlay that is placed on top of the video or you can place the window into a web page so it resembles an embedded video player plugin. Major Cable operators and AOL TV are among the services offering contents that work with the Liberate platform. See also: ATVEF, Interpret, TV Set-top boxes Light() (Filter/visual) A visual filter for simulating a lighting model. Availability: JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 See also: filter Light() 1335

JavaScript Programmer’s Reference LI.value (Property) A means of resetting an enumerator in an ordered list contained in an

block. Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: Number primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLI.value You may want to reset an enumerator in a list sequence. This allows you to start the list at zero or one or perhaps to split the list and continue enumerating items after a body of text has been interposed into the list. Of course this property is meaningless in an unordered list and is only therefore useful when the
1. tag and LI object are contained within an
   tag and its corresponding OL object. See also: OL.start Liberate TV Navigator (TV Set-top Box) An interactive TV set-top box environment. This is possibly the most advanced of the TV set top boxes that provide a ‘Browser in a box’. This system is gaining much popularity in the UK and Europe and is also becoming more prevalent in the United States. It has the backing of several very large players in the digital TV market and was founded as a joint venture between Netscape Communications and Oracle Inc. Broadcast head end systems are generally built on Unix systems. Since the heritage of Liberate is that of the Netscape browser, the Liberate platform relates to the Microsoft TV platform in much the same way as the Netscape browser does to the MSIE browser. From the consumer’s point of view, one of the benefits of the Digital TV revolution is that generally the set-top boxes are supplied by the broadcasters. The broadcaster already has control over what gets transmitted from the head end and can now control how it is received. Although we have competing standards for set-top boxes, a TV set-top box will generally receive a predictable content model from the broadcast head end. The Liberate platform does all that the WebTV and Microsoft TV platform does and possibly more besides, although both are competing with one another and raising the stakes all the time, just like it was during the ‘Browser Wars’. 1334

L LI.type (Property) Event name JavaScript JScript N IE Opera DOM HTML Notes onMouseOut 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseOver 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseUp 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onSelectStart 3.0 + 4.0 + - Inheritance chain: Element object, Node object LI.type (Property) A type indicator that controls the presentation style of an item in the list that the

object belongs to. Availability: DOM level 1 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 3.0 Internet Explorer 4.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myLI.type There are a variety of different list types that can be displayed. The type value can be defined on an item by item basis within the ordered or unordered list collections. Lists support an enumeration display of the following types:

/
Type code Presentation style OL 1 Numeric OL a Alphabetical lower case OL A Alphabetical upper case OL i Roman numerals lower case OL I Roman numerals upper case UL circle a small open circular bullet UL disc a small solid circular bullet UL square a small square bullet Some browsers may provide extended functionality, and use of characters other than those specified will yield undefined behavior. This is largely superseded by the CSS styling mechanisms now and is likely to become deprecated in due course. See also: OL.type, UL.type 1333

JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Inherits from: Element object IE myLI = myDocument.all.anElementID IE myLI = myDocument.all.tags(”LI”)[anIndex] IE myLI = myDocument.all[aName] -myLI = myDocument.getElementById(anElementID) -myLI = myDocument.getElementsByName(aName)[anIndex] JavaScript syntax: -myLI = myDocument.getElementsByTagName(”LI”) [anIndex] HTML syntax:

…

anIndex A reference to an element in a collection aName An associative array reference Argument list: anElementID The ID value of an Element object Object properties: type, value Event handlers: onClick, onDblClick, onDragStart, onFilterChange, onHelp, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, onSelectStart The

tag is a block-level tag. That means that it forces a line break before and after itself. The DOM level 1 specification refers to this as a LIElement object See also: Element object, OL.compact Property JavaScript JScript N IE Opera DOM HTML Notes type 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - value 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 1 + - Event name JavaScript JScript N IE Opera DOM HTML Notes onClick 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onDblClick 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onDragStart 3.0 + 4.0 + - onFilterChange 3.0 + 4.0 + - onHelp 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyDown 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyPress 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onKeyUp 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseDown 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 4.0 + Warning onMouseMove 1.5 + 3.0 + 6.0 + 4.0 + 4.0 + Warning Table continued on following page 1332